What feature allows a condenser microphone to switch pickup patterns?

The feature that allows a condenser microphone to switch pickup patterns is the capsule design. The capsule design is crucial because it determines how the microphone’s diaphragm interacts with sound waves from different directions. Condenser microphones can be engineered with specific diaphragm configurations or multiple diaphragms that can be electronically switched to achieve various polar patterns, such as cardioid, omnidirectional, or figure-eight.

This adaptability in the capsule design enables users to select the most suitable pickup pattern for different recording situations, enhancing versatility for various sound sources and environments. This is particularly important in professional audio settings, where the ability to adjust the pickup pattern can significantly influence the quality of the recorded sound.

The other features, while they may contribute to the overall quality and functionality of the microphone, do not directly affect the ability to switch between pickup patterns.